Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope

Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope FC 2000-Z (FKM) is designed to be the most versatile tool for lab-based research. Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope (FKM) extends the complete capacity of kinetic chlorophyll or multicolor fluorescence imaging to the realm of individual cells and subcellular structures

10 µs to 20 ms exposure time per frame

High-resolution CCD camera

70 % peak quantum yield with about 4 electrons readout noise.

Motorized 6-position filter (Axio Imager.M2 only)

5 color excitation module generating measuring and actinic light

Multiple fluorophore imaging

Light source with tunable excitation light spectra

Automated software-based system operation

Spectrally resolved or ultra fast (µs) spot measurements of fluorescence and absorbance kinetics (optional)

Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope FC 2000-Z (FKM) is designed to be the most versatile tool for lab-based research. Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope (FKM) extends the complete capacity of kinetic chlorophyll or multicolor fluorescence imaging to the realm of individual cells and subcellular structures. All conventional fluorescence parameters can be mapped with micrometer resolution so that individual chloroplasts or even grana-stroma thylakoid segments can be investigated. Modular set-up of the FKM is designed for kinetic fluorescence measurements with various user-selectable excitation and emission wavelengths as well as the combination of imaging measurements with spectrally resolved or ultra-fast (µs) spot measurements of fluorescence and absorbance kinetics.

The Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope (FKM) allows imaging measurements of two-dimensional resolved multicolour fluorescence transients induced by complex irradiance protocols. The fluorescence emission is induced by an appropriate LED light source. In the standard configuration, the wavelength selection in Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope is the same as in other research-grade fluorescence microscopes by the use of a white excitation light source combined with a set of excitation filters, dichroic mirrors, and emitter filters. As an additional option, a light source with tunable spectra for both measuring and actinic / saturating light is available. It increases the range of measurable chromophores and improves signal/noise ratio. The system is designed to allow automatic switching between different excitation wavelengths even during same measurement. In contrast to conventional fluorescence microscopes, the ultrahigh sensitivity of the measuring camera combined with modulated light measurement makes it possible to perform imaging at extremely low light levels that do not disturb the metabolism of the cell.

The Fluorescence Kinetic Microscope can be combined with spectrally resolved measurements which are done via the Spectrometer SM 9000 synchronized to the measuring camera. The ultrafast kinetic measurements are performed by a microscope adapted version of the Double Modulation Fluorometer FL 3500, which again can be synchronized to the measuring camera. In this way, the spectrally resolved or ultrafast kinetic spot measurements can be done simultaneously on the same object and controlled by the same measuring protocol as the imaging kinetic record. All parts and functions can be controlled by the FluorCam software depending on individual configuration.

Steady state fluorescence, e.g., GFP and other FPs, UV induced plant blue-green fluorescence, various fluorescent dyes

QA-reoxidation (it needs optional electronic module)

Fast fluorescence induction (OJIP) with 1 µs resolution (it needs optional electronic module)

Spectrally resolved absorbance kinetic (it needs optional Spectrometer SM 9000)

Leaves, small plants, fruits, vegetables

Cyanobacteria, green algae

Pulse-amplitude modulated measurement of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and its imaging

Multicolor imaging on cellular and sub-cellular level

Multispectral kinetic fluorescence imaging

Analysis of mechanisms involved in changes of photosynthetic performance

Analysis of any non-chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics